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<span class="date">06 September</span> <span> / </span>
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<a href="https://github.com/changchichung" title="Posts by Eric Chang" rel="author">Eric Chang</a>
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<div class='entry-header'>
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<h1 class='entry-title'> [筆記] 用zfs的snapshot 快照功能來做 postgresql 的備份還原 / Postgresql Backup Restore Using Zfs Snapshot</h1>
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</div>
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<div class="entry-container">
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<div class="entry-content">
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<article>
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<p>前面測試了用pgbarman / pgbackrest 來備份 postgresql</p>
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<p>這次改從system file level 來下手</p>
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<p>採用zfs 的快照來備份、還原postgresql 資料庫</p>
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<h3 id="建立測試資料庫-table-snapshot">建立測試資料庫、TABLE、snapshot</h3>
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<h4 id="資料庫現況">資料庫現況</h4>
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<p>只有系統預設的DB，沒有其他多的東西</p>
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<pre><code>postgres@hqdc034:~$ psql -c '\l'
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List of databases
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Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges
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-----------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------
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postgres | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 |
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template0 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres +
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| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
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template1 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres +
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| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
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(3 rows)
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postgres@hqdc034:~$ du -sh /zp/database/10/main/
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232M /zp/database/10/main/
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</code></pre>
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<h4 id="建立第一次的快照">建立第一次的快照</h4>
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<pre><code>2019-09-06 09:03:46 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs list -t snapshot
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no datasets available
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2019-09-06 09:03:53 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs snapshot zp/database@init_db_no_demo
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2019-09-06 09:04:09 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs list -t snapshot
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NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT
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zp/database@init_db_no_demo 0 - 231M -
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2019-09-06 09:04:15 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$
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</code></pre>
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<h4 id="建立-倒回測試資料庫-demo">建立、倒回測試資料庫 demo</h4>
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<pre><code>postgres@hqdc034:~$ createdb demo
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postgres@hqdc034:~$ psql demo < /home/changch/Downloads/demo.sql
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SET
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SET
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略...
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</code></pre>
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<p>再檢查一次資料庫的狀況，看到 demo DB出現了，資料庫目錄也變大了</p>
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<pre><code>postgres@hqdc034:~$ psql -c '\l'
|
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List of databases
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|
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges
|
|
|
-----------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------
|
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|
demo | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 |
|
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|
postgres | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 |
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template0 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres +
|
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| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
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template1 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres +
|
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| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
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(4 rows)
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postgres@hqdc034:~$ du -sh /zp/database/10/main/
|
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2.1G /zp/database/10/main/
|
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postgres@hqdc034:~$
|
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</code></pre>
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<h4 id="建立第二次快照">建立第二次快照</h4>
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<p>這次的快照，將包含剛剛倒回的 demo DB，但是不包含等下才要建立的測試 table</p>
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<pre><code>2019-09-06 09:16:01 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs list -t snapshot
|
|
|
NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT
|
|
|
zp/database@init_db_no_demo 250K - 231M -
|
|
|
zp/database@demo_db_just_restore 0 - 2.08G -
|
|
|
2019-09-06 09:16:04 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h4 id="建立測試-table">建立測試 table</h4>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>postgres@hqdc034:~$ psql -c 'create table test ( a int, b varchar(50) );'
|
|
|
CREATE TABLE
|
|
|
postgres@hqdc034:~$
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h4 id="建立第三次快照">建立第三次快照</h4>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>這次快照，只有建立 test table ，但是裡面沒有資料</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>2019-09-06 09:18:34 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs list -t snapshot
|
|
|
NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT
|
|
|
zp/database@init_db_no_demo 250K - 231M -
|
|
|
zp/database@demo_db_just_restore 138K - 2.08G -
|
|
|
zp/database@demo_db_create_test_table_but_no_data 0 - 2.08G -
|
|
|
2019-09-06 09:18:36 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h4 id="在test-table-插入100萬筆資料">在test table 插入100萬筆資料</h4>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>postgres@hqdc034:~$ psql -c 'with aa as ( select * from generate_series (1,1000000) a ) insert into test select aa.a, md5(aa.a::varchar) from aa;'
|
|
|
INSERT 0 1000000
|
|
|
postgres@hqdc034:~$ psql -c 'select count(*) from test;'
|
|
|
count
|
|
|
---------
|
|
|
1000000
|
|
|
(1 row)
|
|
|
|
|
|
postgres@hqdc034:~$
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h4 id="建立第四次快照">建立第四次快照</h4>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>test table 內有 1000000 筆資料</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>2019-09-06 09:18:36 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs snapshot zp/database@demo_db_test_table_with_1M_rows
|
|
|
2019-09-06 09:21:08 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs list -t snapshot
|
|
|
NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT
|
|
|
zp/database@init_db_no_demo 250K - 231M -
|
|
|
zp/database@demo_db_just_restore 138K - 2.08G -
|
|
|
zp/database@demo_db_create_test_table_but_no_data 116K - 2.08G -
|
|
|
zp/database@demo_db_test_table_with_1M_rows 0 - 2.15G -
|
|
|
2019-09-06 09:21:09 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h4 id="再次插入-100萬筆資料">再次插入 100萬筆資料</h4>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>postgres@hqdc034:~$ time psql -c 'with aa as ( select * from generate_series (1,1000000) a ) insert into test select aa.a, md5(aa.a::varchar) from aa;'
|
|
|
INSERT 0 1000000
|
|
|
|
|
|
real 0m4.276s
|
|
|
user 0m0.020s
|
|
|
sys 0m0.012s
|
|
|
postgres@hqdc034:~$ psql -c 'select count(*) from test;'
|
|
|
count
|
|
|
---------
|
|
|
2000000
|
|
|
(1 row)
|
|
|
|
|
|
postgres@hqdc034:~$
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h4 id="建立第五次快照">建立第五次快照</h4>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>現在 test table 有 200萬筆資料了</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>2019-09-06 09:21:09 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs snapshot zp/database@demo_db_test_table_with_2M_rows
|
|
|
2019-09-06 09:22:29 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs list -t snapshot
|
|
|
NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT
|
|
|
zp/database@init_db_no_demo 250K - 231M -
|
|
|
zp/database@demo_db_just_restore 138K - 2.08G -
|
|
|
zp/database@demo_db_create_test_table_but_no_data 116K - 2.08G -
|
|
|
zp/database@demo_db_test_table_with_1M_rows 218K - 2.15G -
|
|
|
zp/database@demo_db_test_table_with_2M_rows 0 - 2.23G -
|
|
|
2019-09-06 09:22:30 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h4 id="玩大點-直接湊滿1000萬筆資料好了">玩大點，直接湊滿1000萬筆資料好了</h4>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>postgres@hqdc034:~$ time psql -c 'with aa as ( select * from generate_series (1,8000000) a ) insert into test select aa.a, md5(aa.a::varchar) from aa;'
|
|
|
INSERT 0 8000000
|
|
|
|
|
|
real 0m32.172s
|
|
|
user 0m0.024s
|
|
|
sys 0m0.008s
|
|
|
postgres@hqdc034:~$ psql -c 'select count(*) from test;'
|
|
|
count
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
10000000
|
|
|
(1 row)
|
|
|
postgres@hqdc034:~$
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h4 id="建立第六次快照">建立第六次快照</h4>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>10M rows in test table</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>2019-09-06 09:22:30 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs snapshot zp/database@demo_db_test_table_with_10M_rows
|
|
|
2019-09-06 09:25:18 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs list -t snapshot
|
|
|
NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT
|
|
|
zp/database@init_db_no_demo 250K - 231M -
|
|
|
zp/database@demo_db_just_restore 138K - 2.08G -
|
|
|
zp/database@demo_db_create_test_table_but_no_data 116K - 2.08G -
|
|
|
zp/database@demo_db_test_table_with_1M_rows 218K - 2.15G -
|
|
|
zp/database@demo_db_test_table_with_2M_rows 530K - 2.23G -
|
|
|
zp/database@demo_db_test_table_with_10M_rows 163K - 2.97G -
|
|
|
2019-09-06 09:25:21 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>到1000萬筆資料為止，現在資料庫大小是這樣</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>postgres@hqdc034:~$ du -sh /zp/database/10/main/
|
|
|
3.0G /zp/database/10/main/
|
|
|
postgres@hqdc034:~$
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<hr />
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h3 id="還原測試">還原測試</h3>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>最後一次做快照的時候，demo DB 裡面有一千萬筆資料，現在來砍掉500萬筆</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>postgres@hqdc034:~$ time psql -c 'delete from test where a > 5000000;'
|
|
|
DELETE 3000000
|
|
|
|
|
|
real 0m7.844s
|
|
|
user 0m0.024s
|
|
|
sys 0m0.004s
|
|
|
|
|
|
postgres@hqdc034:~$ time psql -c 'select count(*) from test;'
|
|
|
count
|
|
|
---------
|
|
|
7000000
|
|
|
(1 row)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
real 0m0.268s
|
|
|
user 0m0.024s
|
|
|
sys 0m0.004s
|
|
|
postgres@hqdc034:~$
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>咦，怪怪的，為什麼只有砍掉300萬筆？
|
|
|
好，這邊先不管，等等正好來驗證restore的狀況</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>假設剛剛這個刪除是錯誤的動作，我要回到1000萬資料的狀態，就可以用zfs rollback 來達成</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h4 id="第一次還原">第一次還原</h4>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>目標是還原到包含1000萬筆資料的狀態(現在是700萬筆)</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>2019-09-06 09:25:21 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo service postgresql stop
|
|
|
* Stopping PostgreSQL 10 database server [ OK ]
|
|
|
2019-09-06 10:14:12 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs rollback -r zp/database@demo_db_test_table_with_10M_rows
|
|
|
2019-09-06 10:14:28 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo service postgresql start
|
|
|
* Starting PostgreSQL 10 database server [ OK ]
|
|
|
2019-09-06 10:14:57 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>檢查一下</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>postgres@hqdc034:~$ time psql -c 'select count(*) from test;'
|
|
|
count
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
10000000
|
|
|
(1 row)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
real 0m5.019s
|
|
|
user 0m0.040s
|
|
|
sys 0m0.008s
|
|
|
postgres@hqdc034:~$
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>沒錯，又回到1000萬筆資料的狀態了</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>要注意的是，如果回到更之前的狀態，在該狀態之後的快照將會被清除，除非你先做clone
|
|
|
比如我現在要回到 200萬筆的狀態，那1000萬筆資料的快照就會被刪除</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>2019-09-06 10:17:32 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo service postgresql stop
|
|
|
* Stopping PostgreSQL 10 database server [ OK ]
|
|
|
2019-09-06 10:18:50 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs rollback -r zp/database@demo_db_test_table_with_2M_rows
|
|
|
2019-09-06 10:18:57 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs list -t snapshot
|
|
|
NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT
|
|
|
zp/database@init_db_no_demo 250K - 231M -
|
|
|
zp/database@demo_db_just_restore 138K - 2.08G -
|
|
|
zp/database@demo_db_create_test_table_but_no_data 116K - 2.08G -
|
|
|
zp/database@demo_db_test_table_with_1M_rows 218K - 2.15G -
|
|
|
zp/database@demo_db_test_table_with_2M_rows 0 - 2.23G -
|
|
|
2019-09-06 10:19:04 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo service postgresql start
|
|
|
* Starting PostgreSQL 10 database server [ OK ]
|
|
|
2019-09-06 10:19:17 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$
|
|
|
|
|
|
postgres@hqdc034:~$ time psql -c 'select count(*) from test;'
|
|
|
count
|
|
|
---------
|
|
|
2000000
|
|
|
(1 row)
|
|
|
|
|
|
real 0m0.175s
|
|
|
user 0m0.024s
|
|
|
sys 0m0.008s
|
|
|
postgres@hqdc034:~$
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>啊，我剛剛應該先clone的….
|
|
|
沒關係，我們再做一次，新增800萬筆資料，湊齊1000萬筆，然後快照</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>postgres@hqdc034:~$ time psql -c 'with aa as ( select * from generate_series (1,8000000) a ) insert into test select aa.a, md5(aa.a::varchar) from aa;'
|
|
|
INSERT 0 8000000
|
|
|
|
|
|
real 0m35.662s
|
|
|
user 0m0.048s
|
|
|
sys 0m0.004s
|
|
|
postgres@hqdc034:~$ time psql -c 'select count(*) from test;'
|
|
|
count
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
10000000
|
|
|
(1 row)
|
|
|
|
|
|
real 0m5.259s
|
|
|
user 0m0.024s
|
|
|
sys 0m0.008s
|
|
|
postgres@hqdc034:~$
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>做快照</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>2019-09-06 10:19:17 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs snapshot zp/database@demo_db_test_table_with_10M_rows
|
|
|
2019-09-06 10:22:59 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs list -t snapshot
|
|
|
NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT
|
|
|
zp/database@init_db_no_demo 250K - 231M -
|
|
|
zp/database@demo_db_just_restore 138K - 2.08G -
|
|
|
zp/database@demo_db_create_test_table_but_no_data 116K - 2.08G -
|
|
|
zp/database@demo_db_test_table_with_1M_rows 218K - 2.15G -
|
|
|
zp/database@demo_db_test_table_with_2M_rows 56.4M - 2.23G -
|
|
|
zp/database@demo_db_test_table_with_10M_rows 0 - 1.81G -
|
|
|
2019-09-06 10:23:02 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>接著來測試看看 clone snapshot，這是基本的說明</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>Clones can only be created from a snapshot and a snapshot can not
|
|
|
be deleted until you delete the clone that is based on this snapshot.
|
|
|
To create a clone, use the zfs clone command.
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>clone 會做出一份跟clone來源一模一樣的資料，在快照模式下，資料是唯讀的，clone出來後，就可以做異動。但是不能刪除clone來源的快照，會提示錯誤。</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>2019-09-06 10:28:31 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs clone zp/database@demo_db_test_table_with_10M_rows zp/database/clone_with_10M_rows
|
|
|
2019-09-06 10:29:21 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs list
|
|
|
NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT
|
|
|
zp 3.08G 231G 22K /zp
|
|
|
zp/database 3.08G 231G 1.88G /zp/database
|
|
|
zp/database/clone_with_10M_rows 0 231G 1.81G /zp/database/clone_with_10M_rows
|
|
|
2019-09-06 10:29:26 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>可以看到做了clone之後，多了一個 zfs dataset
|
|
|
試試看把資料庫路徑直接改到這個新做的dataset 看看能不能啟動資料庫
|
|
|
修改 /etc/postgresql/10/main/postgresql.conf，然後重起postgresql</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>#data_directory = '/var/lib/postgresql/10/main' # use data in another directory
|
|
|
#data_directory = '/zp/database/10/main'
|
|
|
data_directory = '/zp/database/clone_with_10M_rows/10/main'
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p><strong>啟動有比較久一點</strong> 而且好像沒成功啟動</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>2019-09-06 10:32:27 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo service postgresql restart
|
|
|
* Restarting PostgreSQL 10 database server [ OK ]
|
|
|
2019-09-06 10:33:37 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$
|
|
|
2019-09-06 10:33:37 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo netstat -antlp |grep 5432
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>而且在 syslog & postgresql log 中看不到什麼異常，怪了！
|
|
|
而且再啟動一次就好了？</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>再來測試一次看看</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>2019-09-06 10:37:22 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo service postgresql stop
|
|
|
* Stopping PostgreSQL 10 database server [ OK ]
|
|
|
2019-09-06 10:38:03 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs list
|
|
|
NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT
|
|
|
zp 3.24G 231G 22K /zp
|
|
|
zp/database 3.24G 231G 1.88G /zp/database
|
|
|
zp/database/clone_with_10M_rows 165M 231G 1.88G /zp/database/clone_with_10M_rows
|
|
|
2019-09-06 10:38:13 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs destroy zp/database/clone_with_10M_rows
|
|
|
2019-09-06 10:38:21 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs clone zp/database@demo_db_test_table_with_10M_rows zp/database/clone_with_10M_rows
|
|
|
2019-09-06 10:38:32 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs list
|
|
|
NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT
|
|
|
zp 3.08G 231G 22K /zp
|
|
|
zp/database 3.08G 231G 1.88G /zp/database
|
|
|
zp/database/clone_with_10M_rows 0 231G 1.81G /zp/database/clone_with_10M_rows
|
|
|
2019-09-06 10:38:35 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo service postgresql start^C
|
|
|
2019-09-06 10:38:44 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs list
|
|
|
NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT
|
|
|
zp 3.08G 231G 22K /zp
|
|
|
zp/database 3.08G 231G 1.88G /zp/database
|
|
|
zp/database/clone_with_10M_rows 0 231G 1.81G /zp/database/clone_with_10M_rows
|
|
|
2019-09-06 10:38:45 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo service postgresql start
|
|
|
* Starting PostgreSQL 10 database server [ OK ]
|
|
|
2019-09-06 10:39:04 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ netstat -antlp |grep 5432
|
|
|
(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
|
|
|
will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
|
|
|
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5432 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
|
|
|
tcp6 0 0 :::5432 :::* LISTEN -
|
|
|
2019-09-06 10:39:13 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
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<p>這次就沒問題？看來是我第一次下指令的時候，不該用sudo netstat -antlp 去檢查？
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anyway ，回到psql 來看看內容</p>
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<pre><code>postgres@hqdc034:~$ time psql -c 'select count(*) from test;'
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count
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----------
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10000000
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(1 row)
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real 0m4.716s
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user 0m0.028s
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sys 0m0.004s
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postgres@hqdc034:~$
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</code></pre>
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<p>Good ，clone 出來的果然是1000萬筆資料時的狀態</p>
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<hr />
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<p>這次測試就先到此為止，後面再來測試zfs的 replication and send/recv</p>
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