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---
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title: "[筆記] 在 ubuntu 20.04 底下，用certbot 透過Cloudflare 申請全域的 Letsencrypt 憑證"
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date: 2020-09-02T15:55:40+08:00
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draft: false
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noSummary: false
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categories: ['筆記']
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image: https://h.cowbay.org/images/post-default-4.jpg
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tags: ['certbot','Cloudflare','Letsencrypt']
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author: "Eric Chang"
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keywords:
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- certbot
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- Cloudflare
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- Letsencrypt
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---
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之前用caddy 作為反向代理，其中一個優勢就是caddy 會自動處理Letsencrypt 憑證的問題
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也不用煩惱怎麼去更新一堆有的沒的
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不過，實際應用上，還是偶爾會拿這些憑證檔案來用的狀況
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雖然可以從caddy 上面取得這些檔案
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但是基本上這些檔案都是綁定一個特定的hostname
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可是我想要有一個憑證，可以給同網域底下的機器用 ( Wildcard certificates )
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<!--more-->
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要申請Wildcard certificates ，必須要採用 DNS 驗證的方式
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一般手動操作的步驟，會先產生一組亂數字串，然後更新 DNS 上面去
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如果要改成自動化，要多一些步驟
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### 安裝 certbot 及 Cloudflare 外掛
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首先，先來安裝會用到的套件
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```
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sudo apt install certbot letsencrypt python3-certbot-dns-cloudflare
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```
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### 設定 cloudflare API
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這個步驟我測了好久，網路上的說明似乎都過期了，造成cloudflare API 那邊會發生錯誤
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先登入 cloudflare 管理界面的API token 設定
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https://dash.cloudflare.com/profile/api-tokens
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建立一組token
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內容如下
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在權限設定的地方，選擇三個項目
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zone-zone settings-edit
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zone-zone-edit
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zone-DNS-edit
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在下一個 zone resources 選擇 include-All zones
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存檔後會產生一組 API token ，接著就是用這組 token 來做DNS更新
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### 編輯 cloudflare 設定檔
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在 /etc底下新增一個 cloudflare.ini
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內容如下
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```
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sudo vim /etc/cloudflare.ini
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dns_cloudflare_email = #email@address.here
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dns_cloudflare_api_key = #API token here
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```
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存檔後離開，然後改一下權限，不然等一下certbot 會跳警告
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```
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sudo chmod 0600 /etc/cloudflare.ini
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```
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### 執行certbot 取得憑證
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執行以下的指令
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```
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sudo certbot certonly --dns-cloudflare --dns-cloudflare-credentials /etc/cloudflare.ini --preferred-challenges=dns --email admin@abc.com --server https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory --agree-tos -d abc.com -d *.abc.com
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```
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正常的話，會是這樣的結果
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```
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sudo certbot certonly --dns-cloudflare --dns-cloudflare-credentials /etc/cloudflare.ini --preferred-challenges=dns --email admin@abc.com --server https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory --agree-tos -d abc.com -d *.abc.com
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Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log
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Plugins selected: Authenticator dns-cloudflare, Installer None
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Obtaining a new certificate
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Performing the following challenges:
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dns-01 challenge for abc.com
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dns-01 challenge for abc.com
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Waiting 10 seconds for DNS changes to propagate
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Waiting for verification...
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Cleaning up challenges
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IMPORTANT NOTES:
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- Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at:
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/etc/letsencrypt/live/abc.com/fullchain.pem
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Your key file has been saved at:
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/etc/letsencrypt/live/abc.com/privkey.pem
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Your cert will expire on 2020-12-01. To obtain a new or tweaked
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version of this certificate in the future, simply run certbot
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again. To non-interactively renew *all* of your certificates, run
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"certbot renew"
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- If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by:
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Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt: https://letsencrypt.org/donate
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Donating to EFF: https://eff.org/donate-le
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```
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這樣子就取得了全域通用的SSL 憑證檔案
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如果看到底下這種錯誤
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```
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administrator@ubuntu:~$ sudo certbot certonly --dns-cloudflare --dns-cloudflare-credentials /etc/cloudflare.ini --preferred-challenges=dns --email admin@abc.com --server https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory --agree-tos -d abc.com -d *.abc.com
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Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log
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Plugins selected: Authenticator dns-cloudflare, Installer None
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Obtaining a new certificate
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Performing the following challenges:
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dns-01 challenge for abc.com
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dns-01 challenge for abc.com
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Cleaning up challenges
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Error determining zone_id: 6003 Invalid request headers. Please confirm that you have supplied valid Cloudflare API credentials. (Did you copy your entire API key?)
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```
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那就是cloudflare API 那邊的權限設定錯了，我就是在這邊卡很久...
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請參照上面的步驟和圖片正確的設定
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可以用 certbot certificates 來驗證看看
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```
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administrator@ubuntu:~$ sudo certbot certificates
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Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log
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- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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Found the following certs:
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Certificate Name: abc.com
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Domains: abc.com *.abc.com
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Expiry Date: 2020-12-01 05:31:31+00:00 (VALID: 89 days)
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Certificate Path: /etc/letsencrypt/live/abc.com/fullchain.pem
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Private Key Path: /etc/letsencrypt/live/abc.com/privkey.pem
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- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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```
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之後就可以用
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```
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sudo certbot renew
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```
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來更新憑證
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寫到/etc/crontab 去排程每個月的1號自動更新
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```
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administrator@ubuntu:~$ echo "* * 1 * * root /usr/bin/certbot renew" |sudo tee -a /etc/crontab
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* * 1 * * root /usr/bin/certbot renew
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administrator@ubuntu:~$
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```
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接下來就等三個月之後，檢查看看憑證是否有自動更新了！
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