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<h3><a href="/post/ubuntu-1804-install-root-on-raid/">Ubuntu 1804 Install Root on Raid</a></h3>
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<span class="date moment">2019-01-16</span>
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<span class="author"><a href="/author/eric-chang">Eric Chang</a></span>
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<p>最近在弄一台機器，想要把ubuntu 18.04 安裝在software raid上</p>
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<p>因為新開的機器大部分都是在proxmox上，所以很少碰實體機器了</p>
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<p>結果在安裝過程中，做raid碰到一些問題，來紀錄一下</p>
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<p></p>
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<p>要先說明 Ubuntu 提供的ISO類型，這會牽涉到後續裝raid</p>
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<p>底下這是ubuntu 網頁上的ISO列表</p>
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<p><img src="https://i.imgur.com/32JIHL0.png" alt="ubuntu iso list" /></p>
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<p>大致上分為 Desktop/live-server 兩種</p>
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<p>因為我要裝的是server，所以我一開始當然是選live-server</p>
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<p>但是用這個ISO開機，要設定software raid時，會出現警告訊息</p>
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<p>提示不可以把所有的分割區都指定給 RAID/LVM ，這樣會沒有地方可以放 /boot</p>
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<p>錯誤如圖</p>
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<p><img src="https://i.imgur.com/uhSpn6w.png" alt="create root on raid error" /></p>
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<p>所以我很「鄉愿」的，那就切一個/boot 給它用，算是暫時解決這問題 XD</p>
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<p>但是這樣的作法，總有一天會出事</p>
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<p>因為如果這個 /boot 掛了，雖然底下的系統有做mirror</p>
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<p>但還是不能開機，那這樣做raid根本沒有意義啊！</p>
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<p>所以研究了兩天，發現一個很重要的事情</p>
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<p>我根本就抓錯ISO了啊！！！！！！！</p>
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<p>會這樣想是因為中間有其他task在裝debian9</p>
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<p>一開始也是抓live-dvd版本</p>
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<p>但是這個版本沒有辦法自訂要安裝哪些套件，所以預設安裝完會包含windows manager、office、字型等等</p>
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<p>加起來總共5.x G ….</p>
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<p>然後我還要手動移除這些套件，這不是脫褲子放屁嗎？</p>
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<p>翻了一下google，發現是因為ISO的關係，要去下載netinst的ISO</p>
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<p>才能在安裝過程中自訂套件</p>
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<p>從這邊延伸到ubuntu的問題</p>
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<p>會不會是我也抓錯ISO了呢？</p>
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<p>再次google相關訊息，果然ubuntu也有類似的netboot ISO</p>
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<p><img src="https://i.imgur.com/G2ImxhQ.png" alt="ubuntu mini iso" /></p>
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<p>檔案很小，只有60M左右，趕快下載來安裝！</p>
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<p>這次果然可以在安裝過程中，順利設定software raid，並且掛載在 / 根目錄底下進行安裝</p>
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<h2 id="but-對-永遠少不了這個but">BUT …. 對，永遠少不了這個BUT</h2>
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<p>安裝過程會卡住…</p>
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<p><img src="https://i.imgur.com/FpWsjsO.png" alt="ubuntu install with mini iso hangs" /></p>
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<p>卡在這邊幾個小時了，都不會動</p>
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<p>我在猜可能是mirror site 有問題，所以抓套件抓不到就卡住了？</p>
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<p>一直卡著也不是辦法，於是又去ubuntu官網看了一下，發現有另外一個server的 ISO</p>
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<p>這個叫 “Alternative Ubuntu Server installer”</p>
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<p>在官網的這個位置</p>
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<p><a href="https://www.ubuntu.com/download/alternative-downloads">https://www.ubuntu.com/download/alternative-downloads</a></p>
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<p><img src="https://i.imgur.com/n0E1ea3.png" alt="Alternative Ubuntu Server Installer" /></p>
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<p>進入後，會有個列表，找到 server amd64 的ISO，這個才是正確的</p>
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<p>和第一次不同的是，這個沒有”live” ，很重要！</p>
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<p><img src="https://i.imgur.com/c4GTujY.png" alt="Ubuntu alternative-downloads" /></p>
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<p>用這個ISO開機，就可以正常的做出software raid，並且指定安裝作業系統，也不會有卡住的狀況</p>
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<p>做出來的系統磁區大概是這樣
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/dyWIH7E.png" alt="ubuntu root on software raid" /></p>
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<p>這台VM的硬碟是透過10G網卡連到一個四塊Sandisk 240G SSD 組成的raid0空間</p>
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<p>順便看一下速度
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<img src="https://i.imgur.com/V9WwIOC.png" alt="10g nfs storage performance" /></p>
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<p>10G就是快！就是爽！</p>
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<p>爽完之後，還是要確認一下… 首先先執行 sudo dpkg-reconfigure grub-pc</p>
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<p>看看是不是兩顆硬碟都有裝 grub ，這樣萬一有一顆硬碟故障，另一顆才能啟動</p>
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<p><img src="https://i.imgur.com/7xAcCbz.png" alt="dpkg-reconfigure grub-pc" /></p>
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<p>看來因為是在安裝過程中，就指定了要把系統裝在raid上，所以ubuntu很聰明的，也自動把grub裝在兩顆硬碟上了</p>
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<p>來試試看拔掉一顆硬碟還能不能正常運作</p>
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<p>直接在proxmox 管理界面中，detach 一顆硬碟</p>
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<p><img src="https://i.imgur.com/lLFcdk0.png" alt="detach one of mirror raid" /></p>
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<p>果然報錯誤了</p>
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<p><img src="https://i.imgur.com/1SFdVA0.png" alt="mirror raid failed" /></p>
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<p>重開機看看，也沒有問題，可以順利開機！</p>
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<p>開機過程有看到raid 只剩下一顆在運作的訊息</p>
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<p><img src="https://i.imgur.com/oZNIN4D.png" alt="mirror raid work with one disk only" /></p>
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<p>再來把硬碟加回去</p>
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<p>然後用mdadm 指令加入分割區，raid就會開始rebuid了</p>
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<p><img src="https://i.imgur.com/3nu2Ij8.png" alt="mdadm rebuild raid" /></p>
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<p>所以，如果有打算要做software raid來安裝ubuntu 作業系統的，一開始就要選對ISO</p>
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<p>才不會白忙那麼多時間啊！</p>
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