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<title> [筆記] 在Ubuntu 18.04 下 透過 pgbarman streaming backup 備份 postgresql 10/ backup postgresql 10 with pgbarman straming backup in ubuntu 18.04 | MCの飄狂山莊㊣</title>
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<h3><a href="/post/pgbarman-in-ubuntu-1804-postgresql-10/">[筆記] 在Ubuntu 18.04 下 透過 pgbarman streaming backup 備份 postgresql 10/ backup postgresql 10 with pgbarman straming backup in ubuntu 18.04</a></h3>
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<div class="meta">
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<span class="date moment">2019-08-23</span>
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<a href="/categories/%E7%AD%86%E8%A8%98">筆記</a>
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</span>
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<span class="author"><a href="/author/eric-chang">Eric Chang</a></span>
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</div>
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<p>很久以前就有看到這個用來備份postgresql 的 pgbarman</p>
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<p><a href="https://www.pgbarman.org/">https://www.pgbarman.org/</a></p>
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<p>前幾天老闆在slack 上面又提到，所以這次就花了點時間來玩玩看</p>
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<p>不過呢，雖然有弄起來，但是還真不知道有些問題是怎麼解決的…</p>
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<p></p>
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<p>pgbarman 的備份有分兩種</p>
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<p>streaming && rsync/SSH</p>
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<p>原理就不說了，我一直沒搞懂 postgresql 的 streaming ..</p>
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<p>依照官方網站上的說法，比較推薦 streaming 備份的方式</p>
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<p>原因是，設定相對簡單，WTF !</p>
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<pre><code>On a general basis, starting from Barman 2.0, backup over streaming replication is the recommended setup for PostgreSQL 9.4 or higher
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The reason why we recommend streaming backup is that, based on our experience, it is easier to setup than the traditional one
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</code></pre>
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<p>事實上呢，設定的確是很簡單，可是有個致命的缺點</p>
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<pre><code>Because Barman transparently makes use of pg_basebackup, features such as incremental backup, parallel backup, deduplication, and network compression are currently not available. In this case, bandwidth limitation has some restrictions - compared to the traditional method via rsync.
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</code></pre>
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<p>如果要做差異/增量備份， streaming backup 不能做</p>
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<p>所以每次備份都是完整備份，也因此，barman server 需要準備很大的硬碟空間</p>
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<p>以我測試的資料庫來說，一次備份，目前是133G ，如果一天四次，保留七天</p>
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<p>就需要 133 x 4 x 7 = 3724G</p>
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<p>咦，這樣看起來，其實也還好啦 XDD</p>
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<hr />
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<p>現在開始設定的部份</p>
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<h4 id="設定-postgresql-server">設定 postgresql server</h4>
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<p>IP: 192.168.11.19
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hostname: hqs019</p>
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<h5 id="在postgresql-建立相關帳號">在postgresql 建立相關帳號</h5>
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<p>streaming backup 需要先在postgresql Server 上建立一個具有 superuser 權限的帳號</p>
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<p>以及一個用來做replication 的資料庫帳號</p>
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<p>這裡就簡單帶過</p>
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<pre><code>sudo su - postgres
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psql
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create user barman with login superuser login password 'barmanpassword';
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CREATE ROLE stream_barman WITH REPLICATION PASSWORD 'password' LOGIN;
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</code></pre>
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<h5 id="鄉改-pg-hba-conf">鄉改 pg_hba.conf</h5>
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<p>然後修改 pg_hba.conf，加入底下兩行</p>
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<pre><code># for barman test
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host database_name barman 192.168.11.192/32 md5
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host replication stream_barman 192.168.11.192/32 md5
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</code></pre>
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<p>當然，如果不考慮安全性問題， md5 直接改成用 trust ，可以省去一些麻煩。</p>
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<h5 id="修改-postgresql-conf">修改 postgresql.conf</h5>
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<p>接著修改postgresql.conf</p>
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<pre><code>### for barman test
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max_wal_senders = 5
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max_replication_slots = 3
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wal_level = 'archive'
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archive_mode = on
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</code></pre>
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<p>重起 postgresql service</p>
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<h4 id="設定barman-server">設定barman server</h4>
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<p>IP: 192.168.11.192
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hostname: barman</p>
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<h5 id="安裝-barman">安裝 barman</h5>
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<p>barman 在18.04 中，已經被放到標準repository 中</p>
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<p>所以只要直接</p>
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<pre><code>sudo apt install barman
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</code></pre>
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<p>就可以了</p>
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<h5 id="設定-barman-conf">設定 barman.conf</h5>
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<p>安裝完成後，在/etc/barman.d/ 底下會有兩個範例檔案</p>
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<pre><code>streaming-server.conf-template
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ssh-server.conf-template
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</code></pre>
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<p>複製 streaming-server 檔案</p>
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<pre><code>sudo cp /etc/barman.d/streaming-server.conf-template /etc/barman.d/hqs019.conf
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</code></pre>
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<p>內容如下</p>
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<pre><code>[hqs019]
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description = "hqs019 "
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conninfo = host=192.168.11.19 user=barman dbname=database_name password=barmanpassword
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streaming_conninfo = host=192.168.11.19 user=stream_barman dbname=database_name password=password
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backup_method = postgres
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retention_policy_mode = auto
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streaming_archiver = on
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slot_name = barman
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</code></pre>
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<p>接著修改 /etc/barman.conf</p>
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<pre><code>[barman]
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barman_user = barman
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configuration_files_directory = /etc/barman.d
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barman_home = /var/lib/barman
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log_file = /var/log/barman/barman.log
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log_level = DEBUG
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compression = gzip
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immediate_checkpoint = true
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basebackup_retry_times = 3
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basebackup_retry_sleep = 30
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last_backup_maximum_age = 1 DAYS
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</code></pre>
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<p>基本上這樣就設定完成了</p>
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<h5 id="檢查設定">檢查設定</h5>
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<p>barman 有一些指令可以用來檢查目前的設定</p>
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<p>barman show-server hqs019 可以看到所有的設定，這裡的 hqs019 跟 barman.d/hqs019.conf 裡面用”[ ]” 包起來的名稱要一致</p>
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<pre><code>barman@barman:~$ barman show-server hqs019
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Server hqs019:
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active: True
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archiver: False
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archiver_batch_size: 0
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backup_directory: /var/lib/barman/hqs019
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backup_method: postgres
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backup_options: BackupOptions(['concurrent_backup'])
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bandwidth_limit: None
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barman_home: /var/lib/barman
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barman_lock_directory: /var/lib/barman
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basebackup_retry_sleep: 30
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basebackup_retry_times: 3
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basebackups_directory: /var/lib/barman/hqs019/base
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check_timeout: 30
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compression: gzip
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config_file: /etc/postgresql/10/main/postgresql.conf
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connection_error: None
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conninfo: host=192.168.11.19 user=barman dbname=database_name password=barmanpassword
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current_size: 142740768562
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current_xlog: 0000000100000264000000BA
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custom_compression_filter: None
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custom_decompression_filter: None
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data_directory: /database
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description: hqs019
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disabled: False
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errors_directory: /var/lib/barman/hqs019/errors
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hba_file: /etc/postgresql/10/main/pg_hba.conf
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ident_file: /etc/postgresql/10/main/pg_ident.conf
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immediate_checkpoint: True
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incoming_wals_directory: /var/lib/barman/hqs019/incoming
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is_in_recovery: False
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is_superuser: True
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last_backup_maximum_age: 1 day (WARNING! latest backup is No available backups old)
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max_incoming_wals_queue: None
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minimum_redundancy: 0
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msg_list: []
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name: hqs019
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network_compression: False
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parallel_jobs: 1
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path_prefix: None
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pg_basebackup_bwlimit: True
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pg_basebackup_compatible: True
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pg_basebackup_installed: True
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pg_basebackup_path: /usr/bin/pg_basebackup
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pg_basebackup_tbls_mapping: True
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pg_basebackup_version: 10.10-0ubuntu0.18.04.1)
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pg_receivexlog_compatible: True
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pg_receivexlog_installed: True
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pg_receivexlog_path: /usr/bin/pg_receivewal
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pg_receivexlog_supports_slots: True
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pg_receivexlog_synchronous: False
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pg_receivexlog_version: 10.10-0ubuntu0.18.04.1)
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pgespresso_installed: False
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post_archive_retry_script: None
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post_archive_script: None
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post_backup_retry_script: None
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post_backup_script: None
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pre_archive_retry_script: None
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pre_archive_script: None
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pre_backup_retry_script: None
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pre_backup_script: None
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recovery_options: RecoveryOptions([])
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replication_slot: Record(slot_name='barman', active=True, restart_lsn='264/BA000000')
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replication_slot_support: True
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retention_policy: None
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retention_policy_mode: auto
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reuse_backup: None
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server_txt_version: 10.10
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slot_name: barman
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ssh_command: None
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streaming: True
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streaming_archiver: True
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streaming_archiver_batch_size: 0
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streaming_archiver_name: barman_receive_wal
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streaming_backup_name: barman_streaming_backup
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streaming_conninfo: host=192.168.11.19 user=stream_barman dbname=database_name password=password
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streaming_supported: True
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streaming_wals_directory: /var/lib/barman/hqs019/streaming
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synchronous_standby_names: ['']
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systemid: 6688476041000599317
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tablespace_bandwidth_limit: None
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timeline: 1
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wal_level: replica
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wal_retention_policy: main
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wals_directory: /var/lib/barman/hqs019/wals
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xlogpos: 264/BA000F08
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</code></pre>
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<p>然後用 barman check hqs019 來檢查config 有沒有問題</p>
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<pre><code>barman@barman:~$ barman check hqs019
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Server hqs019:
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PostgreSQL: OK
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is_superuser: OK
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PostgreSQL streaming: OK
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wal_level: OK
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replication slot: OK
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directories: OK
|
|
|
retention policy settings: OK
|
|
|
backup maximum age: FAILED (interval provided: 1 day, latest backup age: No available backups)
|
|
|
compression settings: OK
|
|
|
failed backups: OK (there are 0 failed backups)
|
|
|
minimum redundancy requirements: OK (have 0 backups, expected at least 0)
|
|
|
pg_basebackup: OK
|
|
|
pg_basebackup compatible: OK
|
|
|
pg_basebackup supports tablespaces mapping: OK
|
|
|
pg_receivexlog: OK
|
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|
pg_receivexlog compatible: OK
|
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|
receive-wal running: OK
|
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|
archiver errors: OK
|
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|
barman@barman:~$
|
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|
</code></pre>
|
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<p>那個backup maximum age FAILED 不用管他，因為都還沒跑過備份，這邊錯誤是正常的</p>
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<p>其他都OK 的話，就可以開始備份了</p>
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<p>barman backup hqs019</p>
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<pre><code>barman@ubuntu:~$ barman backup hqs019
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Starting backup using postgres method for server hqs019 in /var/lib/barman/hqs019/base/20190823T082258
|
|
|
Backup start at LSN: 264/A10001A8 (0000000100000264000000A1, 000001A8)
|
|
|
Starting backup copy via pg_basebackup for 20190823T082258
|
|
|
WARNING: pg_basebackup does not copy the PostgreSQL configuration files that reside outside PGDATA. Please manually backup the following files:
|
|
|
/etc/postgresql/10/main/postgresql.conf
|
|
|
/etc/postgresql/10/main/pg_hba.conf
|
|
|
/etc/postgresql/10/main/pg_ident.conf
|
|
|
|
|
|
Copy done (time: 1 hour, 6 minutes, 28 seconds)
|
|
|
Finalising the backup.
|
|
|
Backup size: 133.0 GiB
|
|
|
Backup end at LSN: 264/A3000060 (0000000100000264000000A3, 00000060)
|
|
|
Backup completed (start time: 2019-08-23 08:22:58.116372, elapsed time: 1 hour, 6 minutes, 28 seconds)
|
|
|
Processing xlog segments from streaming for hqs019
|
|
|
0000000100000264000000A2
|
|
|
|
|
|
barman@ubuntu:~$
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
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|
|
|
|
<p>跑完可以用 barman list-backup hqs019 檢查</p>
|
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|
|
<pre><code>barman@ubuntu:~$ barman list-backup hqs019
|
|
|
hqs019 20190823T082258 - Thu Aug 22 17:29:26 2019 - Size: 133.0 GiB - WAL Size: 0 B (tablespaces: tablespace_a:/var/lib/postgresql/10/main/tablespace_A, tablespace_b:/var/lib/postgresql/10/main/tablespace_B)
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
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|
|
|
<p>要刪除的話，要加入 backupID</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>barman@ubuntu:~$ barman delete hqs019 20190822T171355
|
|
|
Deleting backup 20190822T171355 for server hqs019
|
|
|
Delete associated WAL segments:
|
|
|
00000001000002640000009F
|
|
|
0000000100000264000000A0
|
|
|
0000000100000264000000A1
|
|
|
Deleted backup 20190822T171355 (start time: Fri Aug 23 09:36:43 2019, elapsed time: 3 seconds)
|
|
|
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
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|
|
<p>restore 的部份，暫時沒有測試，我想應該是要找時間測試看看怎麼還原才對</p>
|
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|
|
|
|
<p>不過呢，前面有提到，用streaming backup ，每一次備份都是完整備份，非常的佔用空間、時間、頻寬</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>所以還是要來試試看用rsync/SSH 備份的機制</p>
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