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"name" : "[筆記] 在 ubuntu 20.04 底下，用certbot 透過Cloudflare 申請全域的 Letsencrypt 憑證",
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"headline" : "[筆記] 在 ubuntu 20.04 底下，用certbot 透過Cloudflare 申請全域的 Letsencrypt 憑證",
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"description" : "\x3cp\x3e之前用caddy 作為反向代理，其中一個優勢就是caddy 會自動處理Letsencrypt 憑證的問題\x3c\/p\x3e\n\x3cp\x3e也不用煩惱怎麼去更新一堆有的沒的\x3c\/p\x3e\n\x3cp\x3e不過，實際應用上，還是偶爾會拿這些憑證檔案來用的狀況\x3c\/p\x3e\n\x3cp\x3e雖然可以從caddy 上面取得這些檔案\x3c\/p\x3e\n\x3cp\x3e但是基本上這些檔案都是綁定一個特定的hostname\x3c\/p\x3e\n\x3cp\x3e可是我想要有一個憑證，可以給同網域底下的機器用 ( Wildcard certificates )\x3c\/p\x3e",
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<title>[筆記] 在 ubuntu 20.04 底下，用certbot 透過Cloudflare 申請全域的 Letsencrypt 憑證 </title>
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<span class="date">02 September</span> <span> / </span>
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<a href="https://github.com/changchichung" title="Posts by Eric Chang" rel="author">Eric Chang</a>
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<div class='entry-header'>
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<h1 class='entry-title'> [筆記] 在 ubuntu 20.04 底下，用certbot 透過Cloudflare 申請全域的 Letsencrypt 憑證</h1>
|
|
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</div>
|
|
|
<div class="entry-container">
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<div class="entry-content">
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<article>
|
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<p>之前用caddy 作為反向代理，其中一個優勢就是caddy 會自動處理Letsencrypt 憑證的問題</p>
|
|
|
<p>也不用煩惱怎麼去更新一堆有的沒的</p>
|
|
|
<p>不過，實際應用上，還是偶爾會拿這些憑證檔案來用的狀況</p>
|
|
|
<p>雖然可以從caddy 上面取得這些檔案</p>
|
|
|
<p>但是基本上這些檔案都是綁定一個特定的hostname</p>
|
|
|
<p>可是我想要有一個憑證，可以給同網域底下的機器用 ( Wildcard certificates )</p>
|
|
|
<p>要申請Wildcard certificates ，必須要採用 DNS 驗證的方式</p>
|
|
|
<p>一般手動操作的步驟，會先產生一組亂數字串，然後更新 DNS 上面去</p>
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<p>如果要改成自動化，要多一些步驟</p>
|
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<h3 id="安裝-certbot-及-cloudflare-外掛">安裝 certbot 及 Cloudflare 外掛</h3>
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<p>首先，先來安裝會用到的套件</p>
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<pre><code>sudo apt install certbot letsencrypt python3-certbot-dns-cloudflare
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</code></pre><h3 id="設定-cloudflare-api">設定 cloudflare API</h3>
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<p>這個步驟我測了好久，網路上的說明似乎都過期了，造成cloudflare API 那邊會發生錯誤</p>
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<p>先登入 cloudflare 管理界面的API token 設定</p>
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<p><a href="https://dash.cloudflare.com/profile/api-tokens">https://dash.cloudflare.com/profile/api-tokens</a></p>
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<p>建立一組token</p>
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<p>內容如下</p>
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<p><img src="'https://i.imgur.com/3dZN6qC.png'" alt="‘cloudflare API’"></p>
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<p>在權限設定的地方，選擇三個項目</p>
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<p>zone-zone settings-edit
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zone-zone-edit
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zone-DNS-edit</p>
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<p>在下一個 zone resources 選擇 include-All zones</p>
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<p>存檔後會產生一組 API token ，接著就是用這組 token 來做DNS更新</p>
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<h3 id="編輯-cloudflare-設定檔">編輯 cloudflare 設定檔</h3>
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<p>在 /etc底下新增一個 cloudflare.ini</p>
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<p>內容如下</p>
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<pre><code>sudo vim /etc/cloudflare.ini
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dns_cloudflare_email = #email@address.here
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dns_cloudflare_api_key = #API token here
|
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</code></pre><p>存檔後離開，然後改一下權限，不然等一下certbot 會跳警告</p>
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<pre><code>sudo chmod 0600 /etc/cloudflare.ini
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</code></pre><h3 id="執行certbot-取得憑證">執行certbot 取得憑證</h3>
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<p>執行以下的指令</p>
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<pre><code>sudo certbot certonly --dns-cloudflare --dns-cloudflare-credentials /etc/cloudflare.ini --preferred-challenges=dns --email admin@abc.com --server https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory --agree-tos -d abc.com -d *.abc.com
|
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</code></pre><p>正常的話，會是這樣的結果</p>
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<pre><code>sudo certbot certonly --dns-cloudflare --dns-cloudflare-credentials /etc/cloudflare.ini --preferred-challenges=dns --email admin@abc.com --server https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory --agree-tos -d abc.com -d *.abc.com
|
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Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log
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Plugins selected: Authenticator dns-cloudflare, Installer None
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Obtaining a new certificate
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Performing the following challenges:
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dns-01 challenge for abc.com
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dns-01 challenge for abc.com
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Waiting 10 seconds for DNS changes to propagate
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Waiting for verification...
|
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Cleaning up challenges
|
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IMPORTANT NOTES:
|
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- Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at:
|
|
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/etc/letsencrypt/live/abc.com/fullchain.pem
|
|
|
Your key file has been saved at:
|
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/etc/letsencrypt/live/abc.com/privkey.pem
|
|
|
Your cert will expire on 2020-12-01. To obtain a new or tweaked
|
|
|
version of this certificate in the future, simply run certbot
|
|
|
again. To non-interactively renew *all* of your certificates, run
|
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"certbot renew"
|
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- If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by:
|
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|
|
|
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Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt: https://letsencrypt.org/donate
|
|
|
Donating to EFF: https://eff.org/donate-le
|
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|
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</code></pre><p>這樣子就取得了全域通用的SSL 憑證檔案</p>
|
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<p>如果看到底下這種錯誤</p>
|
|
|
<pre><code>administrator@ubuntu:~$ sudo certbot certonly --dns-cloudflare --dns-cloudflare-credentials /etc/cloudflare.ini --preferred-challenges=dns --email admin@abc.com --server https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory --agree-tos -d abc.com -d *.abc.com
|
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Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log
|
|
|
Plugins selected: Authenticator dns-cloudflare, Installer None
|
|
|
Obtaining a new certificate
|
|
|
Performing the following challenges:
|
|
|
dns-01 challenge for abc.com
|
|
|
dns-01 challenge for abc.com
|
|
|
Cleaning up challenges
|
|
|
Error determining zone_id: 6003 Invalid request headers. Please confirm that you have supplied valid Cloudflare API credentials. (Did you copy your entire API key?)
|
|
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</code></pre><p>那就是cloudflare API 那邊的權限設定錯了，我就是在這邊卡很久…</p>
|
|
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<p>請參照上面的步驟和圖片正確的設定</p>
|
|
|
<p>可以用 certbot certificates 來驗證看看</p>
|
|
|
<pre><code>administrator@ubuntu:~$ sudo certbot certificates
|
|
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Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log
|
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|
|
|
|
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
|
|
|
Found the following certs:
|
|
|
Certificate Name: abc.com
|
|
|
Domains: abc.com *.abc.com
|
|
|
Expiry Date: 2020-12-01 05:31:31+00:00 (VALID: 89 days)
|
|
|
Certificate Path: /etc/letsencrypt/live/abc.com/fullchain.pem
|
|
|
Private Key Path: /etc/letsencrypt/live/abc.com/privkey.pem
|
|
|
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
|
|
|
</code></pre><p>之後就可以用</p>
|
|
|
<pre><code>sudo certbot renew
|
|
|
</code></pre><p>來更新憑證</p>
|
|
|
<p>寫到/etc/crontab 去排程每個月的1號自動更新</p>
|
|
|
<pre><code>administrator@ubuntu:~$ echo "* * 1 * * root /usr/bin/certbot renew" |sudo tee -a /etc/crontab
|
|
|
* * 1 * * root /usr/bin/certbot renew
|
|
|
administrator@ubuntu:~$
|
|
|
</code></pre><p>接下來就等三個月之後，檢查看看憑證是否有自動更新了！</p>
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