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add update to proxmox and synology ha cluster

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This commit is contained in:
Eric Chang
2020-02-13 16:24:48 +08:00
parent a726820c4b
commit 32dde4d676
140 changed files with 9265 additions and 1261 deletions
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public/post/10g-lab-using-proxmox-and-mellanox/index.html
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public/post/accidentally-typed-an-extra-space-in-ansible-playbook/index.html
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public/post/ansible-get-value-from-loop-register/index.html
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public/post/ansible-run-task-depends-on-ipaddr/index.html
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<span class="date">10 January</span> <span> / </span>
<span class="author">
<a href="https://github.com/changchichung" title="Posts by Eric Chang" rel="author">Eric Chang</a>
</span>
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<div class='entry-header'>
<h1 class='entry-title'> [筆記] 第一次玩 Synology High Availability / first try synology high availability</h1>
</div>
<div class="entry-container">
<div class="entry-content">
<article>
<p>上禮拜，原本擔任 proxmox cluster 的主要 storage 的 ds415+ 掛點了</p>
<p>原因應該就是之前的 intel c2000 series cpu 的 bug</p>
<p>只是不知道為什麼這台兩三年來都沒有關機的NAS</p>
<p>比其他三台多撐了那麼久 (已經有兩台送修回來，一台也是同樣症狀，被放在一邊)</p>
<p>趁著這次機會，看看網路上說的換電阻大法有沒有用！</p>
<p>如果有用，就拿這兩台來玩玩 synology high availability !</p>
<p>先要感謝這一篇的作者！</p>
<p><a href="https://www.mobile01.com/topicdetail.php?f=494&amp;t=5600042">https://www.mobile01.com/topicdetail.php?f=494&amp;t=5600042</a></p>
<p>在網路上訂了一大包的 <sup>1</sup>&frasl;<sub>4</sub> w 100Ω 的電阻 (100個才70塊，運費都要60了)</p>
<p>照著上面那篇的作法，把電阻焊上去，NAS就順利開機了！</p>
<p>__</p>
<p>架構圖很簡單，只是在做測試而已，又是第一次玩，先不要搞得太複雜</p>
<p><img src="https://i.imgur.com/k7IDZ4Y.png" alt="" /></p>
<p>流程大致如下</p>
<p>設定好NAS Cluster 之後，建立NFS 服務</p>
<p>然後在proxmox 主機上掛載這個NFS 空間</p>
<p>接著在proxmox 上建立一台 VM ，存放在NFS 空間上</p>
<p>在這台VM裡面持續 ping NAS cluster VIP 192.168.11.85</p>
<p>接著拔掉 192.168.11.87 的兩條網路線，模擬NAS cluster 的主伺服器掛點的狀況</p>
<p>這時候VM 還活著，可以正常建立、刪除、檢視檔案，然後 ping 192.168.11.85 也還持續著</p>
<p>NAS的告警信件也正常發出</p>
<p>08:53 NAS High Availability 叢集 ds415cluster 已執行自動故障轉移。 [詳細資訊：無法偵測到 hqs087 (主伺服器)]
08:58 NAS High Availability 叢集 ds415cluster 狀態異常 [詳細資訊：無法偵測到 hqs087 (副伺服器)]</p>
<p>9:08 接回hqs087的網路線</p>
<p>9:09 收到信件 NAS High Availability 叢集 ds415cluster 停止正常運作 [詳細資訊：Split-brain 錯誤]</p>
<p>登入管理界面(192.168.11.85:5000) ，操作 HA ，選擇恢復</p>
<p>這時候開始，VM 的檔案系統變成是 read only</p>
<p>雖然還活著，但是已經無法建立、刪除檔案，連 cat /var/log/syslog 也會卡住</p>
<p>9:14 VIP NAS cluster 恢復連線，本來卡住的 cat /var/log/syslog 也可以正常顯示內容了</p>
<p>但是系統還是 read only，reboot VM 之後才恢復正常。</p>
<p>有幾個問題</p>
<ul>
<li>split brain 錯誤</li>
</ul>
<p>這個問題我想應該是因為只有兩台組成clsuter 造成的</p>
<p>如果有第三臺加入，應該就不會有這個split brain 的問題</p>
<ul>
<li>VM變成 read only</li>
</ul>
<p>這個我就不知道為什麼了，照理說NAS Cluster 已經開始在恢復</p>
<p>在我的觀念裡，應該要能夠「正常」的持續服務</p>
<p>但是VM變成 read only ，而且必須要重新開機才能解決</p>
<p>那這樣NAS Cluster 等於沒有太大作用呀..</p>
<p>來問問看群暉客服好了</p>
</article>
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Written by:<a href="https://github.com/changchichung" title="Posts by Eric Chang" rel="author">Eric Chang</a> </span>
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<description>Recent content in Posts on MC部落</description>
<generator>Hugo -- gohugo.io</generator>
<language>en-us</language>
<lastBuildDate>Fri, 27 Dec 2019 09:09:05 +0800</lastBuildDate>
<lastBuildDate>Fri, 17 Jan 2020 12:20:33 +0800</lastBuildDate>
<atom:link href="https://h.cowbay.org/post/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
<item>
<title>[筆記] 測試 proxmox 存取由 synology HA cluster 分享的NFS 目錄 / Proxmox With Synology High Availability</title>
<link>https://h.cowbay.org/post/proxmox-with-synology-high-availability/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 17 Jan 2020 12:20:33 +0800</pubDate>
<guid>https://h.cowbay.org/post/proxmox-with-synology-high-availability/</guid>
<description>&lt;p&gt;前幾天修復了因為intel cpu bug 導致無法使用的 synology DS415+&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;詳情請看 &lt;a href=&#34;https://h.cowbay.org/post/first-try-synology-ha/&#34;&gt;https://h.cowbay.org/post/first-try-synology-ha/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;今天趁尾牙前夕，手邊沒啥要緊事&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;就來玩玩看promox 加上 synology high availability 再加上 NFS share 的環境&lt;/p&gt;</description>
</item>
<item>
<title>[筆記] 第一次玩 Synology High Availability / first try synology high availability</title>
<link>https://h.cowbay.org/post/first-try-synology-ha/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 10 Jan 2020 09:48:18 +0800</pubDate>
<guid>https://h.cowbay.org/post/first-try-synology-ha/</guid>
<description>&lt;p&gt;上禮拜，原本擔任 proxmox cluster 的主要 storage 的 ds415+ 掛點了&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;原因應該就是之前的 intel c2000 series cpu 的 bug&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;只是不知道為什麼這台兩三年來都沒有關機的NAS&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;比其他三台多撐了那麼久 (已經有兩台送修回來，一台也是同樣症狀，被放在一邊)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;趁著這次機會，看看網路上說的換電阻大法有沒有用！&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;如果有用，就拿這兩台來玩玩 synology high availability !&lt;/p&gt;</description>
</item>
<item>
<title>[筆記] postgresql 效能測試 / postgresql benchmakr using pgbench</title>
<link>https://h.cowbay.org/post/postgresql-pgbench-benchmark/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 07 Jan 2020 11:18:59 +0800</pubDate>
<guid>https://h.cowbay.org/post/postgresql-pgbench-benchmark/</guid>
<description>&lt;p&gt;昨天老闆在slack 上面問說現在的幾台 DB Server 有沒有跑過 pgbench&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;分數大概如何，想要跟他的筆電做個比較&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;之前有跑過幾次，這次就順便測試一下不同的硬體配置、以及不同的軟體版本&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;對於pgbench 跑分會有多大的影響&lt;/p&gt;</description>
</item>
<item>
<title>[筆記] 用ubuntu livecd 救援群暉 synology NAS內的資料 / rescue synology nas with ubuntu livecd</title>
<link>https://h.cowbay.org/post/rescue-synology-nas-with-ubuntu-livecd/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 03 Jan 2020 15:43:45 +0800</pubDate>
<guid>https://h.cowbay.org/post/rescue-synology-nas-with-ubuntu-livecd/</guid>
<description>&lt;p&gt;2020/01/02 , 2020年上工的第一天，群暉的 DS415+ NAS 掛了！&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;因為群暉的文件在最關鍵的一步寫得亂七八糟！&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;所以在這邊紀錄一下我操作的步驟！&lt;/p&gt;</description>
</item>
<item>
<title>[碎念] Synology 群暉的文件不知道在工三小 / what a piss in synology document</title>
<link>https://h.cowbay.org/post/what-a-piss-in-synology-document/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 03 Jan 2020 11:45:56 +0800</pubDate>
<guid>https://h.cowbay.org/post/what-a-piss-in-synology-document/</guid>
<description>&lt;p&gt;2020/01/02 2020 上工的第一天，公司碩果僅存的唯一一台 Synology DS415+ 也終於掛了&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;開機沒多久就連不上，反覆幾次之後，出現了開機時所有燈號都狂閃的狀況&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;終於宣告不治&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;問題很明顯的就是Intel C2000 系列 CPU 的瑕疵&lt;/p&gt;</description>
</item>
<item>
<title>[筆記]在ansible中，取得loop register後的值/ Ansible Get Value From Loop Register</title>
<link>https://h.cowbay.org/post/ansible-get-value-from-loop-register/</link>

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<span class="date">07 January</span> <span> / </span>
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<a href="https://github.com/changchichung" title="Posts by Eric Chang" rel="author">Eric Chang</a>
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<div class='entry-header'>
<h1 class='entry-title'> [筆記] postgresql 效能測試 / postgresql benchmakr using pgbench</h1>
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<div class="entry-container">
<div class="entry-content">
<article>
<p>昨天老闆在slack 上面問說現在的幾台 DB Server 有沒有跑過 pgbench</p>
<p>分數大概如何，想要跟他的筆電做個比較</p>
<p>之前有跑過幾次，這次就順便測試一下不同的硬體配置、以及不同的軟體版本</p>
<p>對於pgbench 跑分會有多大的影響</p>
<p>OS: ubuntu 18.04.3 x64
postgresql 版本： 10 / 11 / 12
硬碟分成兩種，一個是透過 NFS 10G 網路存取的storage，一個是本機三顆硬碟組成的 zfs raidz</p>
<p>大概步驟就是安裝postgresql &amp; tools ，然後initialize pgbench table 最後就跑pgbench 測試</p>
<h3 id="install-tools-for-postgresql">install tools for postgresql</h3>
<p>sudo apt install postgresql-contrib</p>
<h3 id="su-to-postgres-and-initialize-pgbench-database">su to postgres and initialize pgbench database</h3>
<p>sudo su - postgres
createdb pgbench
pgbench -i -U postgres -s 10 pgbench</p>
<h3 id="running-the-test">running the test</h3>
<p>pgbench -t 100 -c 100 -S -U postgres pgbench</p>
<p>得出來的結果如下</p>
<p>| | 2 cores / 16G | 4 cores / 16G |
| &mdash; | &mdash; | &mdash; | PGTUNE | NO PGTUNE | PGTUNE | NO PGTUNE |
| PSQL Version | 10G Storage | Local Raidz | 10G Storage | Local Raidz | 10G Storage | Local Raidz | 10G Storage | Local Raidz |
| 10 | 9014.144993 | 9395.847239 | 9508.819462 | 10192.27069 | 13280.99918 | 13819.12767 | 15257.69002 | 15397.53475 |
| 11 | 9418.477212 | 9333.790266 | 9070.990565 | 9071.182748 | 15455.80444 | 16079.6638 | 15710.24677 | 14274.59939 |
| 12 | 8630.21746 | 8872.475173 | 9072.034237 | 9217.547833 | 16116.7502 | 12380.71452 | 17409.10363 | 14520.79393 |</p>
<p>Update: 喵的 Markdown 的表格不支援 colspan ，只好改用圖片方式呈現</p>
<p><img src="https://i.imgur.com/vQFfj6Y.png" alt="'postgresql pgbench banchmark reults'" /></p>
<p>另外補上一個 2 cores / 2G RAM 的結果</p>
<h3 id="postgresql-10-2g-ram-hdd-on-10g-storage">postgresql 10 , 2G RAM , HDD on 10G Storage</h3>
<pre><code>postgres@ubuntu:~$ pgbench -t 100 -c 100 -S -U postgres pgbench
starting vacuum...end.
transaction type: &lt;builtin: select only&gt;
scaling factor: 10
query mode: simple
number of clients: 100
number of threads: 1
number of transactions per client: 100
number of transactions actually processed: 10000/10000
latency average = 11.583 ms
tps = 8633.209610 (including connections establishing)
tps = 8651.036900 (excluding connections establishing)
</code></pre>
<p>有幾個地方值得注意</p>
<ul>
<li><p>記憶體 2G-&gt;16G 效能的增加並沒有很明顯 tps 從 8633 略為上升到 9014</p>
<ul>
<li>這個倒是讓我滿意外的，一直以來都認為postgresql 非常的需要記憶體，但是實際跑測試卻不是這樣</li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>pgtune 的影響不大，甚至可以說是會降低效能</p>
<ul>
<li>pgtune 是一個網頁服務，可以協助做出「理論上」建議使用的postgresql config
<a href="https://pgtune.leopard.in.ua/#/">https://pgtune.leopard.in.ua/#/</a></li>
<li>從結果可以看出，使用pgtune 做出來的config ，跟完全使用預設值的config 相比，pgtune的效能大部分都略低於預設值</li>
<li>這也讓我很好奇，或許要花更多時間去研究postgresql 的config，但是，幹！我不是 DBA 啊！</li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>CPU 核心數很明顯地影響pgbench</p>
<ul>
<li>從表格中可以看到，當CPU Cores 增加，pgbench的效能也明顯增加</li>
<li><p>而我甚至還沒有指定用多核心去執行測試，如果要用多核心去測試，要把測試指令改成</p>
<pre><code>pgbench -j 4 -t 100 -c 100 -S -U postgres pgbench
</code></pre></li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>10G Storage和 3顆 2T SATA硬碟組成的 raidz 效能差不多</p>
<ul>
<li>如果本機改用 SSD RAID 甚至是 NVME SSD RAID ，效能應該會提高更多</li>
<li>10G的部份最多大概就是略低於 1000MB 左右</li>
<li>如果換成 SSD ，效能應該是還會提昇，但是有限，畢竟10Gb的頻寬限制就在那邊(理論值1250MB左右)</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</article>
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<div class="entry-tags"><p><span>Tags</span>
<a href="/tags/postgresql" title="View all posts tagged postgresql">postgresql</a>
<a href="/tags/pgbench" title="View all posts tagged pgbench">pgbench</a>
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Written by:<a href="https://github.com/changchichung" title="Posts by Eric Chang" rel="author">Eric Chang</a> </span>
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<span class="date">17 January</span> <span> / </span>
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<a href="https://github.com/changchichung" title="Posts by Eric Chang" rel="author">Eric Chang</a>
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<div class='entry-header'>
<h1 class='entry-title'> [筆記] 測試 proxmox 存取由 synology HA cluster 分享的NFS 目錄 / Proxmox With Synology High Availability</h1>
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<p>前幾天修復了因為intel cpu bug 導致無法使用的 synology DS415+</p>
<p>詳情請看 <a href="https://h.cowbay.org/post/first-try-synology-ha/">https://h.cowbay.org/post/first-try-synology-ha/</a></p>
<p>今天趁尾牙前夕，手邊沒啥要緊事</p>
<p>就來玩玩看promox 加上 synology high availability 再加上 NFS share 的環境</p>
<p>先上架構圖</p>
<p><img src="https://i.imgur.com/k7IDZ4Y.png" alt="" /></p>
<p>架構很簡單，NAS設定一組NFS share， proxmox mount 進來，然後開一台VM在NFS 上</p>
<p>主要來談談proxmox 在碰到synology high availability 切換狀態、遇上腦裂(brain split)時候的狀況</p>
<p>觸發 brain split (說真的，我覺得腦裂很難聽 &hellip;)的情況，在上面連結那篇文章裡面有提到，就不多說了</p>
<p>來講講後續的狀況</p>
<p>發生 brain split 時，可以預期管理者會登入管理界面去修復</p>
<p>關於修復brain split 可以看看群暉的這篇文章</p>
<p><a href="https://www.synology.com/zh-tw/knowledgebase/DSM/help/HighAvailability/split_brain">https://www.synology.com/zh-tw/knowledgebase/DSM/help/HighAvailability/split_brain</a></p>
<p>而我選擇的是 [將兩台伺服器一同保留於叢集中]</p>
<p>在進行修復的過程中，會發現VM這邊會變成 read only</p>
<p>聽起來很合理，畢竟在修復時，所有服務幾乎都是停擺</p>
<p>但是呢，等到修復完成後，VM還是read only ，這就有點奇怪了</p>
<p>有跟群暉客服反應過這個狀況</p>
<p>所以在修復完成之後，在proxmox server 這邊直接對NFS 存取做測試</p>
<p>去下載一個template 是 OK 的，在console 裡面直接在NFS touch file 也是可以的</p>
<p>所以Synology high availability 是有正常發揮作用</p>
<p>而promox 這邊，在synology恢復之後，也可以正常存取NFS ，所以也沒有問題</p>
<p><del>那問題就是在VM裡面了，當發生了某些狀況，讓系統進入read only ，就必須透過reboot 才能解決</del></p>
<p><del>或者是看看這個指令用fsck去檢查filesystem 看看有沒有幫助</del></p>
<pre><code>sudo fsck -Af -M
</code></pre>
<p>UPDATE:</p>
<p>在proxmox 論壇上提出了這個問題，有回覆說要用 NFS Version 4.1</p>
<p>經過測試，在掛載NFS share folder 時，如果有指定 NFS Version 4.1</p>
<p>那在HA Cluster 恢復之後，VM也就跟著恢復正常</p>
<p>不必再重開機了！</p>
<p>所以這問題算是解決了！</p>
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"description" : "\x3cp\x3e2020\/01\/02 , 2020年上工的第一天，群暉的 DS415\x2b NAS 掛了！\x3c\/p\x3e\n\n\x3cp\x3e因為群暉的文件在最關鍵的一步寫得亂七八糟！\x3c\/p\x3e\n\n\x3cp\x3e所以在這邊紀錄一下我操作的步驟！\x3c\/p\x3e",
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<span class="date">03 January</span> <span> / </span>
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<a href="https://github.com/changchichung" title="Posts by Eric Chang" rel="author">Eric Chang</a>
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<h1 class='entry-title'> [筆記] 用ubuntu livecd 救援群暉 synology NAS內的資料 / rescue synology nas with ubuntu livecd</h1>
</div>
<div class="entry-container">
<div class="entry-content">
<article>
<p>2020/01/02 , 2020年上工的第一天，群暉的 DS415+ NAS 掛了！</p>
<p>因為群暉的文件在最關鍵的一步寫得亂七八糟！</p>
<p>所以在這邊紀錄一下我操作的步驟！</p>
<h4 id="建立可開機的ubuntu-隨身碟">建立可開機的ubuntu 隨身碟</h4>
<p>建立 bootable ubuntu flash 的步驟，請參考底下網頁介紹，這邊就不多說了</p>
<p><a href="https://tutorials.ubuntu.com/tutorial/tutorial-create-a-usb-stick-on-ubuntu#0">https://tutorials.ubuntu.com/tutorial/tutorial-create-a-usb-stick-on-ubuntu#0</a></p>
<h4 id="把nas上的硬碟接上pc">把NAS上的硬碟接上PC</h4>
<p>還好這次的NAS只有四顆，如果有八顆，我去哪裡生可以接八顆硬碟的主機&hellip;</p>
<h4 id="用隨身碟開機進入ubuntu-live-環境">用隨身碟開機進入ubuntu Live 環境</h4>
<p>懶人沒截圖</p>
<h4 id="安裝必要套件">安裝必要套件</h4>
<p>進入 ubuntu Live 之後，按 ctal + alt + t</p>
<p>開啟 terminal ，然後先安裝 mdadm &amp; lvm2</p>
<pre><code>ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt install mdadm lvm2
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Suggested packages:
thin-provisioning-tools default-mta | mail-transport-agent dracut-core
The following NEW packages will be installed:
mdadm
The following packages will be upgraded:
lvm2
1 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 780 not upgraded.
Need to get 1,346 kB of archives.
After this operation, 1,237 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 lvm2 amd64 2.02.176-4.1ubuntu3.18.04.2 [930 kB]
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 mdadm amd64 4.1~rc1-3~ubuntu18.04.2 [416 kB]
Fetched 1,346 kB in 3s (501 kB/s)
....
...
...
以下省略
</code></pre>
<h4 id="scan-raid-and-lvm">scan raid and lvm</h4>
<p>接下來先換成 root 操作</p>
<pre><code>ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo su -
</code></pre>
<p>然後掃描 raid &amp; LVM</p>
<pre><code>root@ubuntu:~# mdadm -Asf &amp;&amp; vgchange -ay
mdadm: /dev/md/2 has been started with 4 drives.
2 logical volume(s) in volume group &quot;vg1&quot; now active
</code></pre>
<p>COOL！ 原本的VG出現了！</p>
<pre><code>root@ubuntu:~# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg1
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 5.44 TiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 1427264
Alloc PE / Size 1427264 / 5.44 TiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID O1c8Uw-JmKy-EiKt-92OB-3K3y-roMi-9NUZ6H
</code></pre>
<p>也可以看到 RAID 資訊了！</p>
<pre><code>root@ubuntu:~# mdadm -D /dev/md2
/dev/md2:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Thu Oct 13 07:26:12 2016
Raid Level : raid5
Array Size : 5846077632 (5575.25 GiB 5986.38 GB)
Used Dev Size : 1948692544 (1858.42 GiB 1995.46 GB)
Raid Devices : 4
Total Devices : 4
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Thu Jan 2 01:48:34 2020
State : clean
Active Devices : 4
Working Devices : 4
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 64K
Consistency Policy : resync
Name : video:2
UUID : 18f6706d:91eaaec9:5b0ba8da:e32481e3
Events : 96
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 51 0 active sync /dev/sdd3
1 8 35 1 active sync /dev/sdc3
2 8 19 2 active sync /dev/sdb3
3 8 3 3 active sync /dev/sda3
</code></pre>
<p>然後就會發生我之前寫的這篇的狀況</p>
<p><a href="https://h.cowbay.org/post/what-a-piss-in-synology-document/">https://h.cowbay.org/post/what-a-piss-in-synology-document/</a></p>
<p>問題發生了，總是要想辦法解決</p>
<h4 id="scan-lv">scan lv</h4>
<pre><code>root@ubuntu:~# lvscan
ACTIVE '/dev/vg1/syno_vg_reserved_area' [12.00 MiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/vg1/volume_1' [5.44 TiB] inherit
</code></pre>
<p>OK ，在 vg1 底下有兩個 volume ，看大小來判斷，第二個是我們要的</p>
<p>用底下的指令就可以掛載了</p>
<pre><code>mount /dev/vg1/volume_1 /mnt
</code></pre>
<p>請依照自己的環境，把第一個路徑改掉，如果要掛載到別的目錄，那也把第二個 /mnt 改掉</p>
<pre><code>root@ubuntu:/dev# mount /dev/vg1/volume_1 /mnt
root@ubuntu:/dev# cd /mnt
root@ubuntu:/mnt# ls
@appstore @database @EP_trash @MailScanner @S2S
aquota.group @download @iSCSITrg music synoquota.db
aquota.user @eaDir lost+found nfsforprox @tmp
@clamav @EP @maillog photo video
</code></pre>
<p>OK，可以看到原本NAS 下的目錄了，接下來就可以進行檔案複製了！</p>
</article>
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<div class="entry-tags"><p><span>Tags</span>
<a href="/tags/synology" title="View all posts tagged synology">synology</a>
<a href="/tags/nas" title="View all posts tagged nas">nas</a>
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<span class="date">03 January</span> <span> / </span>
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<a href="https://github.com/changchichung" title="Posts by Eric Chang" rel="author">Eric Chang</a>
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<a href="/categories/%E9%9B%9C%E5%BF%B5">雜念</a>
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<div class='entry-header'>
<h1 class='entry-title'> [碎念] Synology 群暉的文件不知道在工三小 / what a piss in synology document</h1>
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<article>
<p>2020/01/02 2020 上工的第一天，公司碩果僅存的唯一一台 Synology DS415+ 也終於掛了</p>
<p>開機沒多久就連不上，反覆幾次之後，出現了開機時所有燈號都狂閃的狀況</p>
<p>終於宣告不治</p>
<p>問題很明顯的就是Intel C2000 系列 CPU 的瑕疵</p>
<p>總之，機器老早就過保了，上面放的是 proxmox 的 vm 檔案</p>
<p>在NAS掛點之後，就從備份檔把這些VM還原回來了</p>
<p>想說網路上很多文章說只要焊一個電阻上去就可以修復</p>
<p>就把機器和硬碟先放著，等有空再去買電阻回來玩玩看</p>
<p>結果user今天早上就在靠腰，說上面有一台開發用的VM上面的歷史紀錄很重要</p>
<p>幹，很重要是不會自己備份逆？</p>
<p>又不跟我說很重要，要備份，然後自己也不做備份</p>
<p>然後現在VM 不見了，再來靠腰？？</p>
<p>幹！真的不要以為資訊公司的員工就比較有sense ，屁！</p>
<p>不過呢，人微言輕，還是只好鼻子摸摸，想辦法救出來</p>
<p>然後就找到了群暉的這篇文章</p>
<p><a href="https://www.synology.com/zh-tw/knowledgebase/DSM/tutorial/Storage/How_can_I_recover_data_from_my_DiskStation_using_a_PC">https://www.synology.com/zh-tw/knowledgebase/DSM/tutorial/Storage/How_can_I_recover_data_from_my_DiskStation_using_a_PC</a></p>
<pre><code>如何使用電腦復原存放在 Synology NAS 上的資料？
若您的 Synology NAS 故障，可以輕鬆透過電腦與 Ubuntu Live CD 復原資料。請確認 Synology NAS 硬碟上運行的檔案系統是 EXT4 或 Btrfs，並依照下列步驟來復原資料。此處將以 Ubuntu 18.04 版本作為範例：
1.準備一台電腦，該電腦必須具備足夠的硬碟插槽以安裝從 Synology NAS 取出的硬碟。
2.將硬碟從 Synology NAS 取出，並安裝到電腦。若使用 RAID 或 SHR 配置，您必須將所有硬碟 (Hot Spare 硬碟除外) 同時安裝到電腦。
3.按照此教學 Create a bootable USB stick on Windows 來建立 Ubuntu 環境。
4.前往左下角的顯示應用程式選單。
5.在搜尋欄位輸入 Terminal 並選擇終端機。
6.若 Synology NAS 上的磁碟配置為 RAID 或 SHR，請依照步驟 7 到 10 操作；若您想復原的檔案位於僅使用一顆硬碟的基本儲存類型機種，請跳至步驟 10。
7.輸入以下指令 (sudo 會將執行權限轉換為 root )。
Ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo -i
8.輸入以下指令來安裝 mdadm 和 lvm2 (皆為 RAID 管理工具)。若沒有安裝 lvm2，vgchange 將無法運作。
root@ubuntu:~$ apt-get update
root@ubuntu:~$ apt-get install -y mdadm lvm2
9.輸入以下指令來掛載所有從 Synology NAS 取出的硬碟，結果可能會因 Synology NAS 上的儲存集區配置而有所不同。
root@ubuntu:~$ mdadm -Asf &amp;&amp; vgchange -ay
10.輸入以下指令來將所有硬碟掛載為唯讀以存取資料。在 ${device_path} 輸入裝置路徑，${mount_point} 輸入掛載點，您的資料將會被置於掛載點的路徑。
$ mount ${device_path} ${mount_point} -o ro
</code></pre>
<p>好， 1-9 都沒什麼問題，但是有人可以幫忙翻譯翻譯 10 是在工三小？</p>
<p>當然，我能理解因為每一臺NAS的環境不同，所以會有一些不同的變數</p>
<p>但是假如你是一個單純的user ，只是想要救資料，好不容易找了臺電腦</p>
<p>把硬碟都接上去，用ubuntu liveCD 開機，乖乖做了1-9的步驟</p>
<p>接著一定會傻眼， 什麼是 ${device_path} ?? 什麼是 ${mount_point} ???</p>
<p>寫文件的人你就不能配合個圖片，去說明應該要怎麼辨別 device_path ? mount_point 又是什麼？</p>
<p>這很簡單呀！</p>
<p>做完 9 的指令，其實就會回復你 NAS 分割區的名稱</p>
<p>好像叫什麼 vg1 的 &lt;&mdash;這個就是變數，可能每一臺都不同，但是你起碼做個範例給人家看啊！</p>
<p>然後會在 /dev/vg1 底下看到當初建立的磁區 (我的叫 volume_1)</p>
<p>至於 mount_point 就是看你要掛載到系統的哪個目錄底下</p>
<p>所以我就要執行</p>
<pre><code>mount /dev/vg1/volume_1 /mnt
</code></pre>
<p>這樣就可以把NAS上的分割給掛進liveCD ，就可以進行資料複製了！</p>
<p>連一份文件都做不好，真的是服了這些據說很高薪的「工程師」..</p>
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